Aastha Health Care
Kidney Stone Surgery - Treatment & Cost in Mumbai - AHC
Kidney Stone Surgery - Treatment & Cost in Mumbai - AHC
A kidney stone is a mass of tiny crystals in your kidney or urinary tract. Stones are quite common, and tend to run in families. They can form in weeks or months when your urine contains too much of certain substances.
Urine contains many dissolved minerals and salts. When your urine has high levels of these minerals and salts, you can form stones. Kidney stones can start small but can grow larger in size, even filling the inner hollow structures of the kidney. Some stones stay in the kidney, and do not cause any problems. Sometimes, the kidney stone can travel down the ureter, the tube between the kidney and the bladder. If the stone reaches the bladder, it can be passed out of the body in urine. If the stone becomes lodged in the ureter, it blocks the urine flow from that kidney and causes pain.
Hemorrhoids may cause pain, severe itching, and difficulty sitting. Fortunately, they’re treatable.
Types & Causes of Kidney Stones:-
There are several kinds of kidney stones:-
1) Calcium stones are by far the most common kind. They often form in men between the ages of 20 to 30. Calcium can combine with other substances found in your food, like oxalate, phosphate, or carbonate, to form stones.
CAUSE:- Oxalate is a substance made daily by your liver. Some fruits and vegetables, as well as nuts and chocolate, are high in it. Your body absorbs the substance when you eat these foods. Other things that can make the concentration of calcium or oxalate in your urine.
2) Cystine stones can form in people who have cystinuria, a condition passed down through families in which stones are made from an amino acid called cystine.
CAUSE:- Cystine stones are caused by a collection of the amino acid cystine. This occurs in people with a condition called cystinuria. Cystinuria is passed down through a family.
Cystine forms crystals that combine to create stones in the urine.
3) Struvite stones are found mostly in women who have urinary tract infections. These stones can grow very large and can block the kidney, ureter, or bladder.
CAUSE:- Bacteria in your urinary tract produce struvite when they break down the waste product urea into ammonia. For struvite to be produced, your urine needs to be alkaline. Having a urinary tract infection can make your urine alkaline. Struvite stones often form in women who have a urinary tract infection.
4) Uric acid stones are more common in men than in women. They can occur in people who have a history of gout or are going through chemotherapy.
CAUSE:- Foods such as beef, poultry, pork, fish, and particularly organ meats such as liver, have high amounts of a natural chemical compound known as purines. Uric acid can result from a diet high in purines. High purine intake leads to a higher production of monosodium urate, which, under the right conditions, may form uric acid stones in the kidneys.
What are the symptoms of a kidney stone?
Pain in the back, belly, or side:-
Usually, the pain starts when a stone moves into the narrow ureter. This causes a blockage, which causes pressure to build up in the kidney. The pressure activates nerve fibers that transmit pain signals to the brain.
Kidney stone pain often starts suddenly. As the stone moves, the pain changes location and intensity.
Pain often comes and goes in waves, which is made worse by the ureter contracting as it tries to push the stone out. Each wave may last for a few minutes, disappear, and then come back again.
You’ll typically feel the pain along your side and back, below your ribs. It may radiate to your belly and groin area as the stone moves down through your urinary tract.
Pain or burning during urination:-
Once the stone reaches the junction between your ureter and bladder, you’ll start to feel pain when you urinate. Your doctor might call this dysuria.
The pain can feel sharp or burning. If you don’t know you have a kidney stone, you might mistake it for a UTI. Sometimes you can have an infection along with the stone.
Urgent need to go:-
Needing to go to the bathroom more urgently or frequently than usual is another sign that the stone has moved into the lower part of your urinary tract.
You may find yourself running to the bathroom or needing to go constantly throughout the day and night.
Urinary urgency can also mimic a UTI symptom.
Blood in the urine:-
Blood in the urine is a common symptom in people with kidney stones. This symptom is also called hematuria
The blood can be red, pink, or brown. Sometimes the blood cells are too small to see without a microscope, but your doctor can test your urine to see if it contains blood.
Cloudy or smelly urine:-
Healthy urine is clear and doesn’t have a strong odor. Cloudy or foul – smelling urine could be a sign of an infection in your kidneys or another part of your urinary tract.Cloudiness is a sign of pus in the urine.The smell can come from the bacteria that cause UTIs. An odor may also come from urine that’s more concentrated than usual.
A UTI with a kidney stone is considered a surgical emergency — with or without a fever.
Going a small amount at a time:-
Large kidney stones sometimes get stuck in a ureter. This blockage can slow or stop the flow of urine.
If you have a blockage, you may only urinate a little bit each time you go. Urine flow that stops entirely is a medical emergency.
Nausea and vomiting:-
It’s common for people with kidney stones to have nausea and vomiting These symptoms happen because of shared nerve connections between the kidneys and the GI tract. Stones in the kidneys can trigger nerves in the GI tract, setting off an upset stomach.
Nausea and vomiting can also be your body’s way of responding to intense pain.
Fever and chills:-
Fever and chills are signs of an infection in your kidney or another part of your urinary tract. This can be a serious complication of a kidney stone. It can also be a sign of other serious problems besides kidney stones. Any fever with pain requires urgent medical attention.
Surgery for kidney stone?
Most urologists who operate and remove kidney stones prefer either one of the following surgical approaches to removing a stone. They are:
Shockwave Lithotripsy (SWL)
Ureteroscopic Stone Fragmentation
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Shockwave Lithotripsy:- This technique which is widely used world over, involves the use of sound waves to break the stone. Here, high energy acoustic waves are targeted on the calculus (stone) with the help of a lens. Since the waves carry energy, the stones are disrupted internally. To precisely locate the stone, ultrasound guidance is also used. This method has a success rate ranging from 50 to 80 percent and is best used for stones located in the upper pole and middle pole of the kidney. This method also works best when the stone size is less than 2 cm in general.
Ureteroscopic Stone Fragmentation:- Ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive method to treat kidney stones as well as stones located in the ureter. It is performed in the operating room with general or spinal anesthesia, and is typically an out-patient procedure (you go home the same day).
The urologist will insert a thin fiberoptic ureteroscope into the natural urinary channel. Once the stone is identified, it can be fragmented and/or removed. Ureteroscopy can also be performed in patients who must remain on anticoagulation therapy.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy:- This technique is also called the PCNL technique, where the kidney is directly accessed through the skin with the patient lying down. Over 70% of all PCNL procedures are done only for stones in the lower pole of the kidney. This surgical method is also the methodology of choice when a kidney stone is greater than 2 cm in size.
PCNL is a more invasive procedure in general and there is 2% risk of sepsis and 5% risk of having a blood transfusion. However where a kidney stone is branched or the stone is very large, PCNL is deemed to be a necessary procedure with stone removal rates of over 80% to 90%. Furthermore, the length of hospitalization after a PCNL procedure may also be more compared to SWL and laser-based stone removal.
How long does kidney stone surgery take to recover?
While the recovery times vary for each procedure, most patients are fully recovered within six weeks and can resume their normal activities. Many patients feel much better the first week, but care must be taken to assure that healing is complete.
Book Your FREE Consultation Now